In a memo to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Mr. Duffy instructed the agency to re-evaluate fuel economy rules for new cars and trucks through the end of the decade. The order came as one of Mr. Duffy’s first acts as the head of the Department of Transportation.

The Biden fuel economy standards require American automakers’ passenger cars to average 65 miles per gallon by 2031, up from 48.7 miles last year. The average mileage for light trucks, including pickup trucks and sport utility vehicles, would have to reach 45 miles per gallon, up from 35.1 miles per gallon.

Some automakers have criticized the rule as a costly distortion of the market.

“Artificially high fuel economy standards,” the transportation secretary’s memo said, “impose large costs that render many new vehicle models unaffordable for the average American family and small business owner.”

Mr. Duffy, a former Wisconsin representative, was confirmed earlier in the day despite a late wave of opposition from some Democrats upset about the Trump administration’s freeze on federal grants and loans. The final vote was 77 to 22.

In his memo, Mr. Duffy expressed doubts about whether the current fuel economy standards accurately reflect the United States’ abundant oil reserves and refining capabilities. The memo states that these standards may not take into account the vulnerabilities of the U.S. electricity grid or the national security risks of relying on foreign sources for materials, particularly those used in electric vehicle batteries.

Mr. Duffy’s memo directs the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to review all fuel economy standards for vehicles from the 2022 model year onward.

“We have received the request and we are reviewing it,” Mollie Halpern, a spokeswoman for the acting Defense Department inspector general, said of the referral to examine General Milley’s actions as chairman.

The general retired in 2023, and at a ceremony marking the occasion he reminded troops that they took an oath to the Constitution and not to a “a king, or a queen, or to a tyrant or dictator, and we don’t take an oath to a wannabe dictator.” Senior Pentagon officials late Tuesday sought to cast Mr. Milley as an insubordinate political operator while in the chairman’s job.

“Undermining the chain of command is corrosive to our national security, and restoring accountability is a priority for the Defense Department under President Trump’s leadership,” Joe Kasper, Mr. Hegseth’s chief of staff, said in a statement late Tuesday.

General Milley could not be reached for comment on Tuesday.

Just days before General Milley’s retirement ceremony, Mr. Trump, then still planning a political comeback, suggested that the general had committed treason and should be put to death.

Amid continued threats from Mr. Trump of retribution against his enemies upon returning to office, General Milley received a pre-emptive pardon from President Joseph R. Biden Jr. hours before he left office last week. (In his first week back in the White House, Mr. Trump had the general’s portrait removed from the hallway in the Pentagon outside the chairman’s offices.)

Since General Milley has been pardoned, he cannot be court-martialed. But a finding against him could lead to a decision to reduce his rank, even in retirement.

General Milley and other former Trump administration officials had been assigned government security details because they remained under threat following the U.S. drone strike that killed the powerful Iranian general Qassim Suleimani in early 2020.

Two Republican Senate allies of President Trump urged him on Sunday to rethink his decision to strip security details from the former advisers who have been targeted by Iran, saying the move could chill his current aides from doing their jobs effectively.

Senator Tom Cotton, Republican of Arkansas and the chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, and Senator Lindsey Graham, Republican of South Carolina, spoke after Mr. Trump abruptly halted government security protection for three officials from his first term who were involved in his Iran policy and have remained under threat.

Fox News earlier reported that Mr. Hegseth was moving to revoke General Milley’s security detail and order the inspector general review.

As the newly sworn-in defense secretary, Mr. Hegseth has been a sharp critic of General Milley.

General Milley’s split with Mr. Trump had its roots in his decision to apologize also for inserting himself into politics when he walked alongside Mr. Trump in 2020, through Lafayette Square, for a photo op after the authorities used tear gas and rubber bullets to clear the area of peaceful protesters. “I should not have been there,” he said later. “My presence in that moment and in that environment created a perception of the military involved in domestic politics.”

Mr. Trump’s supporters have also attacked General Milley over his contacts with his Chinese counterpart during the first Trump administration, assuring them that the United States was not seeking to strike them, or trigger a military crisis.

General Milley, 66, was promoted to chairman of the Joint Chiefs by Mr. Trump in 2019. At the time, the president was impressed with his military record and his bearing. But he quickly soured on him. A book published by Philip Rucker and Carol Leonnig, “I Alone Can Fix It,” reported that General Milley was worried that President Trump might attempt to stage a coup after he lost the 2020 election. He made efforts to ensure a peaceful transfer of power, and issued a statement condemning the Jan. 6, 2021, riot at the Capitol.

Undoing the extension could add to Mr. Trump’s crackdown on not only illegal immigration but also on immigrants whom the Biden administration had authorized to remain in the country. In the past, Mr. Trump has targeted immigrants under Temporary Protected Status, which aids migrants from some of the most unstable countries in the world. Republicans have argued, however, that the measure has strayed far from its original mission of providing temporary shelter from conflict or disaster.

During his first administration, Mr. Trump aimed to stop the protections for migrants from several countries, including Haiti, El Salvador and Sudan. Federal courts stymied some of those efforts.

Ms. Noem’s decision finds fault with the move by Alejandro N. Mayorkas, the homeland security secretary under Mr. Biden, to extend the protections for Venezuelans in the final month of Mr. Biden’s term. The agency generally must decide at regular intervals whether the protections should be extended before they expire. The notice argued that Mr. Mayorkas made his move too early and said the extension should not remain in effect “given the exceedingly brief period” since it was issued on Jan. 17.

A Homeland Security Department official, speaking on the condition of anonymity, argued that the last-minute extension by the Biden administration appeared to be a way to tie the hands of Trump officials.

Venezuelans have poured into the United States in recent years as their country’s economy has collapsed and President Nicolás Maduro’s autocratic government has stifled dissent.

Those who initially received Temporary Protected Status in 2021 will maintain their protections through September, while those who obtained it in 2023 will have them until at least April. Ms. Noem now has until Saturday to make a decision on whether to issue her own extension on the group of Venezuelans who received their status in 2023.

If the administration does not make a decision by Saturday, the protections will extend for six months automatically, the notice said.

Immigrant advocates said the cancellation of the Biden administration’s extension would cause confusion and fear among Venezuelans across the United States.

“By taking this action, Secretary Noem is throwing over 600,000 into a state of ongoing bureaucratic limbo,” said Aaron Reichlin-Melnick, a senior fellow at the American Immigration Council. “People will no longer have any certainty as to whether they can stay in the country legally through the end of the year.”

He said the decision indicated that the Trump administration could also decide not to make its own extension for Venezuelans who received their status in 2023.

“If the Trump administration moves to terminate T.P.S. for over 600,000 Venezuelans, it could also have significant impacts on the economy, as nearly all of those with status are working here legally,” he added.

When the Biden administration moved to extend the protections this month, it cited “political and economic crises under the inhumane Maduro regime.”

The statement said that “these conditions have contributed to high levels of crime and violence, impacting access to food, medicine, health care, water, electricity and fuel.”

“The rapid escalation of these assaults on the trans community, in just over a week of his presidency, paints a grim picture of what lies ahead,” Erin Reed, a transgender activist and journalist, wrote in a Substack post.

In his first gender-related order, Mr. Trump instructed government agencies to ensure that federally funded institutions recognize people as girls, boys, men or women based solely on their “immutable biological classification.” It included a specific provision requiring the Bureau of Prisons to house transgender women in prisons designated for men and to stop providing prisoners with medical treatments related to gender transitions.

On Monday, Mr. Trump directed the Pentagon to re-evaluate whether transgender troops should be permitted to serve. And on Tuesday evening, he issued an order taking steps to end gender-transition medical treatments for anyone under 19, directing agencies to curtail puberty-suppressing medication, hormone therapy and surgeries.

Court challenges of the first two orders are already underway, and trans advocates said on Tuesday evening that they would challenge the order on medical treatment as well.

“We will not allow this dangerous, sweeping and unconstitutional order to stand,” said Chase Strangio, a lawyer with the American Civil Liberties Union who was the first openly trans lawyer to appear before the Supreme Court last year in a case about medical treatments for minors.

Transgender people account for less than 1 percent of the adult population in the United States, according to an estimate from the Williams Institute at U.C.L.A., which performs research on the L.G.B.T.Q. population. Polling shows that Americans have mixed views on the inclusion of transgender girls and women in sports and whether minors should be allowed to obtain medical treatment to transition.

On social media, conservative activists struck a celebratory tone.

“Dear trans activists,” the account called Libs of TikTok posted on X. “You lost. We won.”

In interviews and on social media in recent days, transgender advocates have responded in strong terms. Many suggested that the language of the order aimed at limiting transgender people from military service reflected anti-trans bigotry rather than substantive policy concerns.

“Adoption of a gender identity inconsistent with an individual’s sex conflicts with a soldier’s commitment to an honorable, truthful, and disciplined lifestyle, even in one’s personal life,” the executive order reads.

Nicolas Talbott, 31, of Akron, Ohio, a transgender second lieutenant in the U.S. Army who is a plaintiff in a legal challenge to the order, said that “this time not only are they attacking our ability to do our jobs, now they’re trying to attack our character and the core of our being.”

The language appeared to surprise even some conservative commentators.

“Trump just signed an Executive Order saying transgender individuals are too mentally ill to be soldiers, and too lacking in honor and discipline in their personal lives,” Richard Hanania, a conservative writer and podcaster, wrote in a post on X. “Really.”

Brianna Wu, a transgender woman and a Democratic strategist who has criticized some aspects of the trans rights movement, such as the inclusion of trans women in women’s sports, said the series of orders would push trans people out of public life.

“If you’re asking me if I’m a natal male, I have no issue about admitting biology,” Ms. Wu said in an interview. “The question is not, ‘Are trans women biological men?’ The question is, ‘Do trans women deserve dignity as your fellow citizens?’

“It’s disheartening to see the Trump administration come down so hard on the other side.”

The most recent order set as official policy that the federal government not “fund, sponsor, promote, assist, or support the so-called ‘transition’ of a child from one sex to another.”

It directed the Department of Health and Human Services to review the terms of insurance coverage under Medicare, Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act to end some gender-affirming care. It also gave the department 90 days to release a new set of best practices, meant to revise guidance from the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, which was written to set standards for transgender medical care, and which the order called “junk science.”

It tasked agencies providing federal research or education grants to medical institutions, including medical schools and hospitals, with ensuring that those institutions were not carrying out any gender-related procedures.

And it directed the Federal Employees Health Benefits and Postal Service Health Benefits programs to exclude similar types of coverage starting in 2026.

Civil rights groups have issued increasingly dire statements criticizing the administration for a stance they say widely demonizes and marginalizes transgender people.

“Access to gender-affirming care enables trans youth to live authentically and is often life-saving,” Fatima Goss Graves, the president of the National Women’s Law Center, said in a statement. “The Trump administration’s continued assault on the rights and dignity of trans people is deplorable.”

Demand for gender-affirming medications and hormone therapy among transgender youth has not been studied extensively, but only a small fraction of minors who identify as transgender currently receive gender-transition treatments, according to researchers at the Williams Institute at the U.C.L.A. School of Law, which conducts demographic studies about the L.G.B.T.Q. population.

The language from the White House surrounding gender-affirming medical treatments and their effects on the body has grown increasingly severe and disdainful since Mr. Trump took office.

On his first day, Mr. Trump signed an order describing transgender identity as an “ideology” from which women required institutional protection and restricted single-sex spaces.

The order directing the Pentagon to evaluate whether transgender troops could serve in the military cast aspersions on the mental and physical health of anyone who has experienced gender dysphoria or has had a gender-related medical procedure. On Tuesday, civil rights groups filed a lawsuit in federal court challenging any ban on transgender service members as unconstitutional.

The order on care for minors, which referred to procedures as “chemical and surgical mutilation,” predicted that “countless children” who received gender-affirming procedures would soon regret the “horrifying tragedy that they will never be able to conceive children of their own or nurture their children through breastfeeding.”

Gender-affirming surgeries on minors are exceedingly rare in the United States, a Harvard Chan School of Public Health Study found last year. The study’s lead author, Dannie Dai, said legislation banning gender-affirming care among youth “is not about protecting children, but is rooted in bias and stigma” and “seeks to address a perceived problem that does not actually exist.”

More than two-dozen states have passed some form of restriction on gender-affirming medical procedures, according to data compiled by the Human Rights Campaign. And many states already have laws on their books prohibiting public funds from covering gender-transition treatments for state employees and Medicaid recipients.

While Mr. Trump campaigned on promises to do away with some programs supporting transgender people, he tended to home in on specific cases, such as U.S. prisons offering gender-affirming care to prisoners — something many prisons did, as required by federal law, during Mr. Trump’s first term.

But in excluding transgender people from certain jobs and facilities, and officially recognizing only two genders — male and female — the Trump administration has gone much further in recent days by essentially placing the federal government in opposition to a wide variety of gender-related therapies and to anyone who seeks them. And it has justified those moves with progressively dark — and factually disputed — descriptions of what those procedures entail.

Amy Harmon contributed reporting.

“This is creating chaos,” Gov. Katie Hobbs of Arizona, a Democrat, said in a statement before the court’s intervention.

For much of Tuesday, the lack of detail in the brief memo issued by the White House budget office a day earlier had left local budget offices and elected officials unable to even describe what immediate effect it would have. In Oklahoma, a spokesman for the mayor of Oklahoma City declined to comment, citing the need for greater clarity on what the order actually entailed.

But the memo made clear the political aims of the Trump administration — criticizing the use of federal resources to “advance Marxist equity, transgenderism and Green New Deal social engineering policies” — and it was welcomed by some Republican leaders, like Gov. Greg Abbott of Texas.

“The state of Texas fully supports President Trump’s efforts to cut waste, fraud and abuse, and eliminate funding for D.E.I. and radical gender ideology initiatives,” said Andrew Mahaleris, Mr. Abbott’s press secretary. “This pause in funding will bring transparency to federal spending and is long overdue.”

Democratic officials, by contrast, expressed alarm at states losing access on Tuesday to an online portal through which state Medicaid departments receive federal funding, and the possibility of losing funds for emergency services.

In Colorado, the pause in spending could “wreak havoc” on fire and police departments, said Senator Michael Bennet, a Democrat. Representative Laura Gillen, Democrat of New York, who represents part of Long Island, said the freeze would jeopardize “the safety of our communities and our law enforcement officers.”

Nonprofit groups in New York said they had already received emails from their federal contacts telling them that their contracts had been paused.

“President Trump is leaving states out in the cold without any guidance or explanation,” said Gov. Tim Walz of Minnesota, a Democrat and former vice-presidential candidate. Under a continuing funding freeze, he said, Minnesota would be dealing with a $2 billion hole in the state budget each month.

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Even Gov. Jeff Landry of Louisiana, a hard-line conservative Republican and prominent Trump ally, signaled concern about the abrupt freeze, reflecting the extent of the sudden challenge to states.

In a joint statement with top Louisiana officials, Governor Landry asked the Trump administration “to develop a responsible runway to untangle us from any unnecessary and egregious policies without jeopardizing the financial stability of the state.”

In a separate memo issued on Tuesday afternoon, the White House budget office tried to address concerns about the scope of the pause in federal dollars, saying that it applied only to programs “implicated by” President Trump’s recent executive orders, which have sought to eliminate diversity, equity and inclusion programs and climate initiatives, among other things.

That suggested that money could continue flowing to services not related to those orders.

But officials and nonprofits that receive federal grants were left to discover the contours of the cutoff themselves, in some cases finding that a source of key funding had suddenly dried up.

When staff members at a Phoenix charity group for homeless people tried to log into a federal payment system to withdraw $62,000 for their January payroll and other expenses, they found it locked on Tuesday.

“No one could get in,” said Amy Schwabenlender, the chief executive of Keys to Change, which receives a $900,000 annual grant from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. “It’s ridiculous. You’re unraveling things with no notice. You’re stopping things that were running to help people.”

Even as Governor Abbott applauded the president’s order, other officials in Texas were racing to get a handle on all the ways in which federal dollars flowed into local government services, and which of those dollars would be potentially cut off.

The state’s health agencies received nearly $30 billion from the federal government in the last fiscal year, more than half of its funding. By some estimates, more than 20,000 teaching positions across Texas could be lost without Title I, which provides federal funding to schools that have large numbers of low-income students.

“A number of our major city departments are either fully funded or significantly funded with federal grant dollars, that includes our health department and the city’s housing department,” said Christopher Hollins, the Houston controller and a Democrat.

“Will people who get housing vouchers have somewhere to live next month?” Mr. Hollins asked. “We don’t know the answer to that.”

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In California, public transit agencies were left wondering what might happen to the huge federal promises for large-scale infrastructure projects.

The Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District is awaiting a $400 million grant from the Federal Highway Administration to complete a seismic retrofit of one of the world’s most recognizable bridges.

“Like every other transportation agency in the country, we’re monitoring this temporary pause,” said Paolo Cosulich-Schwartz, a spokesman for the bridge district.

The San Francisco ferry system and port were also recently told to expect $55 million from the Environmental Protection Agency to complete the country’s first high-speed, zero-emission ferry network — an initiative that could be on the losing end of Mr. Trump’s determination to end “green new deal” projects.

But even that was unclear.

Dr. Theresa Cullen, the director of the Pima County Health Department in Tucson, Ariz., said her agency had already stopped making new purchases. She said the freeze would jeopardize breast cancer screenings; H.I.V. prevention; efforts to track a rash of tuberculosis cases; and the distribution of Narcan, the overdose-reversal drug, to prevent opioid deaths.

“Today they will be OK,” she said. “I don’t know about next week.”

Heather Knight contributed reporting from San Francisco, Emily Cochrane from Nashville and Ernesto Londoño from Minneapolis.

No military personnel are to be involved in processing and detaining “criminal aliens within the U.S.,” the Northern Command said in a statement. But deportation officers will benefit from the sprawling base’s infrastructure and overall security.

The immigration service requested and received “a temporary operations center, staging area, and a temporary holding location for the receiving, holding, and processing of illegal aliens,” according to the Northern Command.

It was not immediately clear how many migrants the immigration service plans to process or hold at the military base.

Responsibility for operating the detention facility at the base falls to senior immigration service leaders, special agents and analysts, as well as personnel from other parts of the Department of Homeland as well as other federal law enforcement agencies, the Northern Command said.

Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth said on Monday, his first full official day on the job, that “whatever is needed at the border will be provided.” He did not rule out Mr. Trump invoking the Insurrection Act, a law more than 200 years old, to allow the use of the armed forces for law enforcement duty, which is otherwise barred.

About 1,600 Marines and Army soldiers have arrived near the Mexican border in California and Texas in the past week, joining 2,500 Army reservists called to active duty who were already there. More troops are expected to deploy to the border in the coming days, Pentagon officials say.

But on Tuesday, the earliest sketches of a new playbook emerged, as Democrats across the ideological spectrum accused Mr. Trump of preying on the nation’s most vulnerable citizens by denying government aid for struggling families and the elderly and defunding police departments, transportation systems and hospitals.

“Donald Trump’s administration is lying to you,” Gov. JB Pritzker of Illinois said at a news conference Tuesday afternoon in Chicago. “What the president is trying to do is illegal.”

Democratic governors, attorneys general and mayors raised alarms about halting funding to programs that would be harmed, including child-care centers and food assistance, and pointed angrily to the sudden failure of the online portal through which state Medicaid departments receive federal funding.

“I will not stand by while the president attempts to disrupt vital programs that feed our kids, provide medical care to our families and support housing and education in our communities,” said Rob Bonta, the California attorney general, who helped organize a lawsuit to block the order that was quickly joined by two dozen Democratic attorneys general.

By early evening, a federal judge in Washington temporarily blocked the Trump administration’s order freezing the disbursement of the federal funds. By then, Democrats in Washington and in city halls across the country had heard from constituents up in arms about the sudden loss of promised federal funding — concerns that their leaders eagerly relayed.

“When I get emails from young people in college saying they can’t access their portal to their financial aid — come on, man, that’s exhausting,” said Mayor Randall Woodfin of Birmingham, Ala. “This moment is going to require more of an organized effort from everybody.”

In the Senate, Democrats who had approved Mr. Trump’s cabinet nominees to lead the Treasury and homeland security departments said they would now vote against any subsequent nominees.

Even Democrats, like Senator Chris Coons of Delaware, who are predisposed to seek bipartisan cooperation and who rarely channel the type of emotional response Mr. Trump has sparked among the party’s grass roots, said that the administration’s attempt to halt funding represented an alarming development that would have to be addressed before other business could take place.

“President Trump has tried to defy Congress’s constitutional appropriations role,” Mr. Coons said. “He cannot defy our advice-and-consent role.”

Still, a sudden surge of opposition in reaction to the order to freeze federal funds reduced the number of Democratic votes confirming Sean Duffy as Mr. Trump’s transportation secretary. All Senate Democrats had voted to advance his nomination, but 22 voted against him in the final round.

Representative Hakeem Jeffries of New York, the House minority leader, summoned Democratic House members to an “emergency” meeting set for Wednesday afternoon to detail their “counteroffensive” strategy.

A memo circulated by the House Democratic leaders on Tuesday morning described the pause, ordered by the White House Office of Management and Budget, as an “illegal scheme to choke off virtually all federal funding for basic services” and urged their members to highlight the impact.

Still, the newly vocal opposition was not enough for some in the party’s liberal grass roots. Indivisible, a progressive organization that started during Mr. Trump’s first administration, called on Democratic senators to grind all business to a halt, and attacked Mr. Jeffries for moving too slowly.

“It’s not a policy memo — it’s a revolution,” said Ezra Levin, the group’s co-founder. “Don’t let it be a quiet one.”

Lisa Lerer reported from New York and Reid J. Epstein from Washington.

The sense of crisis among aid groups worldwide is surging, as American officials tell groups they must obey an almost universal stop-work order issued by Secretary of State Marco Rubio after Mr. Trump’s directive.

The officials say the groups must freeze nearly all programs that have received any of the $70 billion of annual aid budget approved by Congress through bipartisan negotiations. They include programs that provide medicine, shelter and clean water in dire conditions and often make the difference between life and death.

Uncertain of whether they can pay salaries or get any future funding, groups around the world said they are starting to lay off employees or furlough them. In the United States alone, tens of thousands of employees, many of whom live in the Washington area and rely on contract work with U.S. agencies, could lose their jobs. Some have already been laid off.

Leaders of aid groups say they have never seen such an expansive and damaging directive, even during periods of aid reassessment by earlier administrations. Many of them are scrambling to contact lawmakers and other U.S. officials to get urgent messages to Mr. Rubio. They said some programs will be hard to restart after a temporary shutdown, and many could disappear.

The State Department said the move was aimed at ensuring that all foreign aid programs “are efficient and consistent with U.S. foreign policy under the America First agenda.” On Tuesday, as the outcry from aid groups grew, Mr. Rubio issued a memo saying “life-saving humanitarian assistance” — including the provision of medicine, medical services, food and shelter — could continue temporarily, and that groups could apply for other waivers. None of that can include abortions, transgender surgeries or diversity work, he wrote.

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تصویر
مارکو روبیو وزیر امور خارجه توسط جی دی ونس معاون رئیس جمهور سوگند یاد کرد.
دستور توقف کار وزیر امور خارجه مارکو روبیو می تواند بسیاری از گروه هایی را که بر روی کمک های جهانی کار می کنند مجبور به توقف برنامه های خود کنند. اعتبار... داگ میلز/ نیویورک تایمز
بحران در غروب دوشنبه عمیق‌تر شده بود، زمانی که جیسون گری، سرپرست موقت آژانس توسعه بین‌المللی ایالات متحده، حدود 60 مقام ارشد را در مرخصی با حقوق قرار داد. او در ایمیلی نوشت که این مقامات اقداماتی را انجام داده اند که "برای دور زدن دستورات اجرایی رئیس جمهور طراحی شده است." روز سه‌شنبه، کارکنان دفتر عکس‌های رهبران را از روی دیوارها برداشتند. همچنین صدها پیمانکار اخراج یا به مرخصی سپرده شده اند.

آقای روبیو در نامه ای به مأموریت های ایالات متحده در خارج از کشور گفت که این توقف حداقل تا یک دوره ارزیابی 90 روزه ادامه خواهد داشت. اما مقامات ایالات متحده قبلاً به برخی از گروه‌های کمکی گفته‌اند که برنامه‌های خاصی از جمله برنامه‌هایی که تنوع، حقوق باروری زنان و تاب‌آوری آب و هوا را ترویج می‌کنند، برای همیشه قطع خواهند شد.

آژانس های ایالات متحده باید در طول توقف قراردادها را بشکنند و احتمالاً باید هزینه هایی را پرداخت کنند. در میان U.S.A.I.D. کارمندانی که در مرخصی استحقاقی قرار می‌گیرند، سه وکیل هستند، از جمله وکیل اخلاق پیشرو، به گفته یکی از افراد مطلع در این وضعیت.

فرمان اجرایی توقف کمک‌های خارجی اولین اقدام مهم رئیس‌جمهور در سیاست خارجی بود و بسیاری از گروه‌های کمک‌رسان تنها اکنون دامنه وسیع آن را درک کرده‌اند. پول کمک های خارجی به طور کلی از برنامه های بشردوستانه، توسعه و امنیتی حمایت می کند و کمتر از یک درصد از بودجه دولت را تشکیل می دهد.

دو عضو دموکرات مجلس نمایندگان، گرگوری میکس از نیویورک و لوئیس فرانکل از فلوریدا، روز شنبه نامه‌ای به آقای روبیو ارسال کردند و گفتند که به دلیل توقف کمک‌ها، زندگی‌ها "در معرض خطر" قرار گرفته است. آنها نوشتند: "کنگره این بودجه را برای استفاده تخصیص و پاکسازی کرده است، و این وظیفه قانون اساسی ما است که مطمئن شویم این بودجه طبق دستور مصرف می شود."

دستور توقف برای اکثر برنامه های کمک های نظامی و امنیتی، از جمله در اوکراین، تایوان و اردن اعمال می شود. بسیاری از این کمک ها توسط وزارت امور خارجه پرداخت می شود. کمک های نظامی به اسرائیل و مصر و کمک های غذایی اضطراری معاف است.

منتقدان این اقدام می گویند تصمیم آقای ترامپ برای توقف کمک های خارجی می تواند به منافع استراتژیک ایالات متحده آسیب طولانی مدت وارد کند. سیاستگذاران هر دو حزب مدت‌هاست که کمک‌های خارجی را شکل قدرتمندی از قدرت آمریکا می‌دانند، راهی برای افزایش نفوذ ایالات متحده در خارج از کشور با استفاده از بودجه ناچیز در مقایسه با هزینه‌های نظامی. بسیاری از برنامه های توسعه از دموکراسی، آموزش و تلاش های حقوق مدنی حمایت می کنند.

در سال‌های اخیر، چین تلاش کرده تا با پروژه‌های توسعه نفوذ جهانی بیشتری به دست آورد و با عقب‌نشینی ایالات متحده، می‌تواند جایگاه خود را به دست آورد.

تصویر
یک صفحه نمایش، رئیس جمهور چین، شی جین پینگ را نشان می دهد.
چین می تواند نفوذ خود را با توقف کمک های ایالات متحده گسترش دهد. اعتبار... آدک بری/ خبرگزاری فرانسه — گتی ایماژ
دکتر Atul Gawande، دستیار مدیر بهداشت جهانی در U.S.A.I.D، گفت: "این توقف 90 روزه هدیه ای به دشمنان و رقبای ما است - با اثراتی که فراتر از آسیب های فوری برای مردم است." در دولت بایدن

او گفت: «این اتحاد ما با چندین کشور ساخته شده بیش از نیم قرن را از بین می برد، تخصص و ظرفیت پیشرو جهانی ما را از بین می برد و امنیت ما را تهدید می کند.

دکتر گاونده خاطرنشان کرد که U.S.A.I.D. با استخدام صدها هزار پیمانکار، که اکنون اخراج یا مرخصی خواهند گرفت، بزرگترین ردپای خارج از کشور را پس از ارتش دارد.

برخی از مقامات سابق می گویند هدف از این اقدام می تواند از بین بردن U.S.A.I.D باشد. و کار خود را به وزارت امور خارجه منتقل می کند - در حالی که کل مبلغ کمک را ناچیز نگه می دارد. شخص منصوب ترامپ در وزارت امور خارجه و نظارت بر کمک های خارجی، پیت ماروکو، یک چهره تفرقه انگیز در اولین دولت ترامپ است که در پنتاگون، وزارت امور خارجه و U.S.A.I.D کار می کرد. در آژانس امدادرسانی، کارمندان یک یادداشت مخالفت 13 صفحه ای را با او به سوءمدیریت متهم کردند. مقامات ارشد وزارت خارجه می توانند بر U.S.A.I.D اعمال قدرت کنند، اگرچه این آژانس معمولاً مستقل عمل می کند.

برخی از کارهای انتقادی U.S.A.I.D در وب سایت آن فهرست شده است. یکی از اسناد می گوید که در طول جنگ داخلی در سودان، یک آژانس سازمان ملل متحد به حمایت دولت ایالات متحده برای غربالگری حدود 5.1 میلیون کودک 5 ساله و کمتر از نظر سوءتغذیه متکی بود و سال گذشته بین ژانویه تا اکتبر حدود 288000 کودک را تحت درمان نجات بخش قرار داد.

گروه های کوچکتر برای زنده ماندن تلاش خواهند کرد. لی کیانگ، موسس این سازمان، گفت: دیده بان کار چین، یک گروه مستقر در نیویورک با دفاتر خارج از کشور که هدف آن پایان دادن به کار اجباری و قاچاق کارگران چینی است، برنامه هایی را که متکی به کمک سالانه 900000 دلاری وزارت امور خارجه است، تعطیل می کند. آقای لی گفت که هفت کارمند کارکنان در مرخصی بدون حقوق قرار خواهند گرفت و ممکن است برای همیشه ترک کنند و افزود که کارمندانی که ویزای کاری خود را از دست می دهند ممکن است مجبور شوند به چین بازگردند، جایی که می توانند توسط افسران امنیتی مورد بررسی قرار گیرند.

گروه هایی در سرتاسر جهان که به بودجه ایالات متحده متکی هستند اکنون "قربانیان این اختلال هستند

The crisis had deepened on Monday evening, when Jason Gray, the acting head of the United States Agency for International Development, put about 60 top officials on paid leave. He wrote in an email that those officials had taken actions “designed to circumvent the president’s executive orders.” On Tuesday, office workers removed photographs of leaders from the walls. Hundreds of contractors have also been fired or put on leave.

Mr. Rubio said in a cable to U.S. missions abroad that the halt would last at least through a 90-day assessment period. But U.S. officials have already told some aid groups that certain programs, including ones that promote diversity, women’s reproductive rights and climate resilience, will be permanently cut.

U.S. agencies will need to break contracts during the halt, and they will likely need to pay fees. Among the U.S.A.I.D. employees put on paid leave are three lawyers, including the lead ethics lawyer, according to one person briefed on the situation.

The executive order halting foreign aid was the president’s first major foreign policy action, and many aid groups are only now understanding its broad scope. Foreign assistance money generally supports humanitarian, development and security programs, and it makes up less than 1 percent of the government budget.

Two Democratic members of the House, Gregory Meeks of New York and Lois Frankel of Florida, sent Mr. Rubio a letter on Saturday saying that lives were being “placed at risk” because of the aid halt. “Congress has appropriated and cleared these funds for use, and it is our constitutional duty to make sure these funds are spent as directed,” they wrote.

The stop order applies to most military and security assistance programs, including in Ukraine, Taiwan and Jordan. Much of that aid is disbursed by the State Department. Military aid to Israel and Egypt is exempted, as is emergency food assistance.

Mr. Trump’s decision to halt foreign aid could cause long-term damage to U.S. strategic interests, critics of the action say. Policymakers from both parties have long regarded foreign aid as a potent form of American power, a way to increase U.S. influence overseas using a tiny budget compared with military spending. Many development programs support democracy, education and civil rights efforts.

In recent years, China has tried to win more global influence with development projects, and it could gain ground as the United States retreats.

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“This 90-day stop-work is a gift to our enemies and competitors — with effects that go beyond the immediate harms to people,” said Dr. Atul Gawande, the assistant administrator for global health at U.S.A.I.D. in the Biden administration.

“It trashes our alliances with scores of countries built over half a century, trashes our world-leading expertise and capacity and threatens our security,” he said.

Dr. Gawande noted that U.S.A.I.D. has the largest footprint abroad after the military, employing hundreds of thousands of contractors, who will now be dismissed or put on leave.

Some former officials say a goal of the action could be to dismantle U.S.A.I.D. and move its work to the State Department — while keeping the total aid amount paltry. The Trump appointee at the State Department overseeing foreign aid is Pete Marocco, a divisive figure in the first Trump administration who worked at the Pentagon, State Department and U.S.A.I.D. At the aid agency, employees filed a 13-page dissent memo, accusing him of mismanagement. Senior State Department officials can exercise authority over U.S.A.I.D., though the agency usually operates autonomously.

Some of U.S.A.I.D.’s critical work is listed on its website. One document says that during the civil war in Sudan, a United Nations agency relied on U.S. government support to screen about 5.1 million children age 5 and under for malnutrition, and it provided about 288,000 children with lifesaving treatment last year between January and October.

Smaller groups will struggle to survive. China Labor Watch, a New York-based group with overseas offices that aims to end forced labor and trafficking of Chinese workers, is shutting down programs that rely on $900,000 of annual aid from the State Department, said Li Qiang, the organization’s founder. Seven staff employees will be placed on unpaid leave and could depart for good, Mr. Li said, adding that employees who lose their work visas might have to return to China, where they could be scrutinized by security officers.

Groups worldwide that have relied on U.S. funding are now “victims of this disruption, leading to distrust in the U.S. government,” he said.

He continued: “This will further isolate the U.S. internationally. Damaging national credibility and alienating allies for short-term gains will have lasting repercussions.”

The clampdown also cripples the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, or PEPFAR, the celebrated program started by President George W. Bush that is credited with saving more than 25 million lives. A shutdown of the program would likely cost millions of lives in the coming years, health experts said. The program’s work involves more than 250,000 health workers in 54 countries.

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“When the funding stops before the epidemic is under control, you erode the investments you’ve made in the past,” said Dr. Linda-Gail Bekker, who heads the Desmond Tutu H.I.V. Center at the University of Cape Town in South Africa.

Simultaneously, Mr. Trump’s decision to withdraw from the World Health Organization has prompted that group to tighten its belt, curtailing travel and limiting operations on the ground.

On Sunday night, employees of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were instructed to immediately stop communicating with W.H.O. staff. and other international partners.

The blackout means American officials are likely to lose access to information about human outbreaks, including of mpox, polio and the emerging mosquito-borne disease Oropouche, and animal diseases, like swine flu, that could devastate the nation’s agricultural industry, Dr. Gawande said.

U.S.A.I.D. has helped to contain 11 serious outbreaks of Ebola and other hemorrhagic fevers in the last four years. One such disease, Marburg, is smoldering even now in Tanzania, with 15 confirmed cases and eight probable cases. Ten people have died.

“This is a disease with no test, no treatment and no vaccine that’s been approved,” Dr. Gawande said.

On Monday, Trump administration officials instructed organizations abroad to stop distributing H.I.V. medications that were purchased with U.S. aid money, even if the drugs are already in clinics.

Separately, officials worldwide were told that PEPFAR’s data systems would be shut down on Monday evening and that they should “prioritize copying key documents and data,” according to an email viewed by The New York Times. The system was maintained by a contractor forced to stop work because of the aid freeze.

 

جادوگر پرزیدنت ترامپ در حال صحبت با گروهی از خبرنگاران در هواپیما. یک فرمان اجرایی که هفته گذشته توسط پرزیدنت ترامپ امضا شد کمک های خارجی را متوقف کرد. اعتبار...کنی هولستون/نیویورک تایمز حدود 90 درصد از کار دکتر Bekker در آفریقای جنوبی توسط PEPFAR و مؤسسه ملی بهداشت تامین می شود. تیم او به آزمایش H.I.V کمک کرده است. داروها و داروهای پیشگیرانه و واکسن های کووید و ویروس پاپیلومای انسانی یا HPV که همگی در ایالات متحده استفاده می شوند. تعطیلی PEPFAR که 20 درصد از H.I.V آفریقای جنوبی را تشکیل می دهد. بودجه، بیش از نیم میلیون H.I.V جدید اضافه می کند. دکتر بیکر و همکارانش تخمین زدند که طی دهه آینده بیش از 600000 مرگ و میر ناشی از آن در کشور وجود داشته باشد. احتمالاً این تأثیر در کشورهای فقیرتر، مانند موزامبیک، که PEPFAR بخش عمده ای از H.I.V را تأمین مالی می کند، بسیار بدتر خواهد بود. برنامه ها توقف ناگهانی درمان می‌تواند جان بیماران را به خطر بیندازد، اما همچنین می‌تواند باعث افزایش انتشار ویروس و مقاومت در برابر داروهای موجود شود. آسیا راسل، مدیر اجرایی گروه حمایتی Health Gap گفت که اقدامات دولت ترامپ آسیب های طولانی مدت از جمله برای آمریکایی ها خواهد داشت. خانم راسل گفت: «اگر می‌خواهید تمام کمک‌های خارجی، از جمله PEPFAR را بازبینی کنید، می‌توانید بدون حمله به برنامه‌ها از طریق توقف آنها، این کار را انجام دهید. او گفت: «این کار به این شکل فوق‌العاده خطرناک و شاید کشنده است، اما همچنین بیهوده و ناکارآمد است.» نمایش بیشتر ماتاتیاس شوارتز 28 ژانویه 2025، 6:46 ب.ظ. ETJan. 28، 2025 ماتاتیاس شوارتز گزارش در دادگاه های فدرال دادستان های کل از 22 ایالت و ناحیه کلمبیا از رئیس جمهور ترامپ شکایت کرده اند تا از دستور دفتر بودجه کاخ سفید که میلیاردها دلار پول فدرال را برای برنامه های سراسر کشور مسدود می کند، جلوگیری کند و آن را نقض قانون اساسی و نقض قانون اساسی خواند. نقض قوانین فدرال مادلین نگو 28 ژانویه 2025، 6:28 ب.ظ. ETJan. 28، 2025 مادلین نگو گزارشگر سیاست های اقتصادی سخنگوی دفتر مدیریت پرسنل تایید کرد که این آژانس روز سه شنبه ایمیلی را برای کارگران غیرنظامی فدرال ارسال کرد و به آنها امکان استعفا داد. کارگران تا 6 فوریه فرصت دارند این پیشنهاد را بپذیرند. آنها تا 30 سپتامبر به دریافت کامل حقوق و مزایا ادامه خواهند داد. مادلین نگو 28 ژانویه 2025، 6:28 ب.ظ. ETJan. 28، 2025 مادلین نگو گزارشگر سیاست های اقتصادی این سخنگو گفت که برخی از کارگران از جمله اعضای نظامی، کارکنان خدمات پستی، مقامات مهاجرت و برخی از مقامات امنیت ملی معاف خواهند شد. آژانس ها همچنین می توانند استثناهایی را برای موقعیت های خاص ایجاد کنند. تبلیغات رد شدن از تبلیغات کیتی ادمونسون 28 ژانویه 2025، 5:48 ب.ظ. ETJan. 28، 2025 کیتی ادمونسون گزارش از میامی مایک جانسون، رئیس مجلس نمایندگان آمریکا در دورال، فلوریدا، می‌گوید توقف بودجه «کار مناسبی برای دولت جدید بود». وی گفت: ما می خواهیم مطمئن شویم که دستورات اجرایی رئیس جمهور جدید در رابطه با این برنامه ها به طور کامل رعایت می شود. او افزود: "من فکر می کنم که بی ضرر خواهد بود." تصویر اعتبار...کنی هولستون/نیویورک تایمز زک مونتاگ 28 ژانویه 2025، 5:40 ب.ظ. ETJan. 28، 2025 زک مونتاگ گزارش از واشنگتن در دستوری که روز سه شنبه منتشر شد، کاخ سفید اقداماتی را برای محدود کردن درمان های پزشکی تایید کننده جنسیت برای افراد زیر 19 سال انجام داد. زک مونتاگ 28 ژانویه 2025، 5:49 ب.ظ. ETJan. 28، 2025 زک مونتاگ گزارش از واشنگتن این دستورالعمل یک روز پس از آن صادر شد که کاخ سفید با دستوری به پنتاگون دستور داد که آیا اعضای تراجنسیتی از نظر جسمی و روحی برای جنگ آماده هستند یا خیر، اعضای تراجنسیتی ارتش را به حاشیه راند.

 

 

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